Free Essays on From Past to Present

From Past to Present In this new age of development we take simple things like a telephone, a refrigerator, or a car, all for granted. We live in a world of luxuries and comforts compared to the average person in the 19th century. Lets say you were born prior to 1945. Just stop and consider the changes you might have witnessed. You were before television, before penicillin, frozen foods, Xerox copiers, contact lenses, and the Pill. You were before radar, credit cards, split atoms, ball point pens, dishwashers, air conditioners, and before man walked on the Moon. You never heard of F.M. radio, tape decks, electric typewriters, artificial hearts, yoghurt and blokes with earrings! In the 1940's, Made in Japan meant JUNK, and the term making out referred to how you did in an exam. Pizzas, Instant Coffee and McDonalds weren't heard of. In your day, cigarette smoking was fashionable, grass was something you mowed, Coke was a cold drink, Aids were people who helped others and pot was a name for something you cooked in. People made do with what they didn?t have! Today?s world is growing ever dependant on technology. The telephone for example is something we all take for granted. Every house is expected to have one and if we find there is no phone, we seem to think that it is abnormal. The question, however is, why is the telephone the cornerstone of modern life? The telephone allows us nearly instant connections - between friends, families, businesses, and nations - enable communications that enhance our lives, industries, and economies. Truly, the telephone has brought the human family together. With remarkable innovations, engineers have brought us from copper wire to fibre optics, from switchboards to satellites, and then the Internet. Initially a tool to link research centre computers, the Internet has become a vital instrument of social change. The Internet is changing business practices, educational pursu... Free Essays on From Past to Present Free Essays on From Past to Present From Past to Present In this new age of development we take simple things like a telephone, a refrigerator, or a car, all for granted. We live in a world of luxuries and comforts compared to the average person in the 19th century. Lets say you were born prior to 1945. Just stop and consider the changes you might have witnessed. You were before television, before penicillin, frozen foods, Xerox copiers, contact lenses, and the Pill. You were before radar, credit cards, split atoms, ball point pens, dishwashers, air conditioners, and before man walked on the Moon. You never heard of F.M. radio, tape decks, electric typewriters, artificial hearts, yoghurt and blokes with earrings! In the 1940's, Made in Japan meant JUNK, and the term making out referred to how you did in an exam. Pizzas, Instant Coffee and McDonalds weren't heard of. In your day, cigarette smoking was fashionable, grass was something you mowed, Coke was a cold drink, Aids were people who helped others and pot was a name for something you cooked in. People made do with what they didn?t have! Today?s world is growing ever dependant on technology. The telephone for example is something we all take for granted. Every house is expected to have one and if we find there is no phone, we seem to think that it is abnormal. The question, however is, why is the telephone the cornerstone of modern life? The telephone allows us nearly instant connections - between friends, families, businesses, and nations - enable communications that enhance our lives, industries, and economies. Truly, the telephone has brought the human family together. With remarkable innovations, engineers have brought us from copper wire to fibre optics, from switchboards to satellites, and then the Internet. Initially a tool to link research centre computers, the Internet has become a vital instrument of social change. The Internet is changing business practices, educational pursu...

8 of the best apps for college students

8 of the best apps for college students College can be very stressful- especially if you’re on your own for the first time. There’s suddenly so much you have to figure out that you never had to worry about before. But you can make things much easier on yourself with the help of your smartphone and a few app downloads. Here are 10 of the best apps out there for navigating your college experience with confidence.1. Amazon MobileMaybe you don’t have a car. Or maybe your college town might not be the shopping mecca you envisioned. Or, let’s be honest, maybe you’re just lazy. Bottom line: you food, supplies, books, and toiletries- and you need it all delivered to your door. The Amazon app is free and lets you browse for and buy just about anything you could need. Bonus points if you sign up for Prime Student and get free two-day shipping and other perks.2. MintLearn how to manage your money like the grownup you’ve become. Mint is a free app that lets you view all of your finances and ba nk accounts in one easy place. Separate by category to see where your cash is going, and use that knowledge to create a budget that works for your life.3. iHomework 2You have papers, readings, and tests coming at you from every direction, with no parent breathing down your back to get things done. Keep track of all of your assignments, exam schedules, and coursework with this app, which helps you map out everything school-related. You can even set yourself notification alarms for upcoming deadlines.4. Google DriveNever get stuck away from your main desk without your files again. Take notes in class, then access your notes from another computer at anytime. Write your paper at home, and then pull it up on your friend’s laptop. Never worry about not having everything you need handy and stored in the Cloud again. Google Drive free and sign-up is automatic if you use your Gmail account.5. TodoistNeed a good to-do list app that isn’t too overwhelming and just lists all your tasks in one handy place? Track everything going on in your life, school-related and beyond- even doctor’s appointments or bills you need to pay. Why write your tasks on a board in your room when you can carry it in your pocket to reference all day?6. DropboxHere’s another app that will ensure you never are more than a click away from important documents. Save things in Dropbox, and they’re accessible from any device- even your phone. Don’t lose important data or documents again.7. FeedlyOverwhelmed by all the news you’re getting from multiple sources and apps? Use Feedly to aggregate the publications, blogs, YouTube channels, and other sites you follow, so you can see at a glance what’s new and keep up with news and updates from your favorite sites.8. EasyBibNo idea how to format your works cited list? Never fear. EasyBib will give you the right citation for whatever book you’re quoting from and it will tailor it for whatever citatio n style you need.

Analysis Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Analysis Paper - Assignment Example The defendant moved for a summary judgment on the counts. The defendant also argues that Dr. Jones was their only physician who agreed to working in Chicago Heights where the plaintiff resided even though he had to balance the time with his own private practice hence explaining the overworking and the need for appointment (Teitelbaum and Wilensky, 2008). The trial court granted summary judgment on count 1 of negligence indicating that there was no evidence of the doctor having overpopulated patients. The same summary judgment was granted as well as on the contract liability where the court indicated that there was no contract breach as the doctor was not a specialized pediatrician. There was an appeal that was decided in 1998. The appellate judges after a review of the case agreed with the trial court’s decision on granting summary judgment to Chicago HMO on the counts mentioned above. The plaintiff did not agree with the decision and the case was taken to the Supreme Court. The opinion on the case after being heard and reviewed by the Supreme Court was granted on May, 2000. On the first count of negligence, the Supreme Court denied the summary judgment with the explanation that the Chicago HMO must have the full list of all the patients visiting the clinic each day because it had to calculate the monthly capitation payments to the doctor which was based on the number of patients. On appointment procedures, the summary judgment was granted as the procedures required booking an appointment first which the plaintiff did not. On the count of breaching the contract, the summary judgment was granted as the plaintiff was not party to the particular contract breach being referred to and the parties were only Chicago HMO and the Department of Public Aid. The law is good because the facts of the case are not exploited and explanation about what the terms of the contract were

International marketing (report 1) Research Paper

International marketing (report 1) - Research Paper Example According to study in Australia website, most of the Australian population live in the narrow, fertile eastern coastal plain, and on the southeastern coast, which is favourable for surfing (â€Å"Study in Australia† web). In addition, warm beaches in Australia attract surfing sporting activities. Surfing activity has certain geographical requirements. First, as much as surfers have to acquire skills to enable them ride on the waves, it is required of them to have background knowledge on the topology of the place. That is the topography or service features present on the beach. In addition, they must be good swimmers and be apt to the changing weather. Australian beaches have a considerable topology and depth that allow surfing. Secondly, Surfers seek out for strong waves called swells, which are stable waves that form far away from the beach. A surfer must calculate his moves well not to fall into the rocks as the wave breaks. Wind strength and fetch determines the strength of a swell. A fetch is a geographical term that predicts the stretch of open water over which the wind is blowing. Australian beaches have great fetches where water blows before reaching the land or the rocks. Additionally, reefs, sand bars, and narrow wave bases on the Australian beaches support this sor ting activity especially for experienced surfers. It is dangerous for inexperienced surfers who risk being crashed upon a rock, reef, or being dumped far beneath the surface. At the coasts of Australia, the government has employed some game warders to enforce some coastal laws. Some of the laws related to surfboards include those restricting minors from operating minor watercraft. Persons under 14 years are restricted from using watercrafts. Each person surfing or under a watercraft is required to wear a stipulated coast guard protective devices like a life jacket. That is each surfer has to wear a life jacket

Virgils like a Roman leader. Aeneid Essay Example for Free

Virgils like a Roman leader. Aeneid Essay Virgils Aeneid Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Virgil’s was the son of Publius Vergilius Maro and Magia Polla. Virgil’s father was a miniature freeholder in Andes. Virgil’s father was a farmer who practised bee-keeping and forestry, and he progressively accrued enough competence to enable him give superior education to their only son, Virgil’s. Virgils went to school at Cremona which was neighboring town and later he went to Milan which was the capital city of the province. At the age of 17 years Virgil’s went to Rome where he studied philosophy and oratory under the preeminent masters of the era. This paper seeks to explain the occurrences that took place during Augustan age. Augustan age had a remarkable impact to the Aeneid because Aeneid is a clear-cut approval of Augustus’ personal consolidation of authority after countless years of atrocious civil war. The foremost part of his approach was the use of auctoritas and exploitation of pietas, two ideals were well-regarded in Roman society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is a heated debate concerning the stance of Virgil’s in the Augustan era. Some people propose that the Virgil’s epic about Augustus’ ancestors as misinformation directed by Augustus’ political device. Other people identify creepy influence in Virgil’s artistic work where they argue that Virgil’s had an intention of undermining the new political order. The Aeneid is a public epic, adoration and veneration of Rome and its citizens. Virgil had an optimistic and spiritualized and inspiring notion of Rome, which he saw as sacred and majestic, predestined by providence to rule the humanity. Virgil’s saw a golden era of humanity rising during Augustus’s reign, the golden era was brought by the gods. The Aeneid was ordained to exalt this new-fangled, structured society and to elevate its merits and superior distinctiveness by their representation in Aeneas. Aeneas was an epic champion w ho would represent the classic Roman. Aeneas had the most reputable characteristics of an ideal Roman leader, which included Roman sense of responsibility and duty. He also had excellent personal attributes and qualities. According to Virgil’s these features would enable Aeneas to build adorable Rome (McCrorie, 356).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There were a series of civil wars before Augustan reign which led to large financial and human losses. The state became unified under Augustan reign. Peace and order was restored, and the government took active interest in various diverse schemes of social and economic life thus Rome regained its happiness and prosperity. The Augustan reign brought peace and order through development of imperial government. Unfortunately, the Romans abandoned most liberty that they had accustomed in earlier periods. This had a serious impact in the minds of many citizens including Virgil’s. In the Aeneid, Virgil describes the new-fangled approach under which Romans lived. In his epic Aeneid, Virgil treats the most significant features of imperial and republican Rome as distinct, entangled whole. This notion was interpreted that the splendor of one government resembled the brilliance of the other government. This argument weakened the conviction that Augustus’s empire was a new and unfamiliar political unit. In addition, Virgil revealed in many aspects that the imperial period was intended to be a fresh golden period for Rome. It was only the Augustan age that all Roman citizen’s noblest ambitions and wishes could be accomplished (Bloom, 284). http://www.roman-empire.net/articles/article-010.html.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aeneas the hero of Aeneid had the most adorable features of a Roman leader. Augustus was a descendant of Aeneas. In Aeneid the implication of the association between Augustus and Aeneas was very clear. It can be noed that Augustus shares a lot of his ancestor Aeneas superior qualities. People gained a lot of confidence with Augustan reign and could never think of condemning Augustus’s new government. Aeneas underwent various hardship incidents during his ruling period. However, Aeneas consoled himself by keeping in mind the predestined future of the empire. The notion of the predestined future of the empire strengthened him to dedicate his ambitions of establishing new Rome. This approach set an example to the Roman people. The personal sacrifices that Aeneas made taught people that their personal and complaints and doubts about imperial government were of less significant as compared to the needs of the society. People submerged th eir personal grievances for the welfare of all individuals. In Aeneid, Romans came to learn that it was only through a solid and centralized government t that they would be able to be peaceful and united (Retrieved from http://www.roman-empire.net/articles/article-010.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Romans would also be encouraged if they came to learn that Aeneid gods and goddesses were deeply concerned with the Rome’s future. People became convinced by the Virgil’s argument in Aeneid epic since various parts were all about unending series of successes. These epics aimed at demonstrated the success path to convince the public that Rome and its domain had enduringly won celestial favor. The epics convinced many educated class people in Rome such that they abandoned their opposition to Augustus’s new government and became used to their emperor’s regime. The Aeneid became a customary school text. Every generation in Rome passed through Virgil’s epic poem whereby they developed a selfless allegiance to the Roman imperial government. Aeneid became a literary masterpiece as well as the strongest intellectual barricade in the Roman kingdom. Augustan age was very significant to the Aeneid since it set up a solid foundation that enabled the empire to be organized (Retrieved from http://www.roman-empire.net/articles/article-010.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Maecenas, Augustus’ chief consultant secured several potential poets in his era. Augustus had acknowledged a powerful machine for his propaganda in these young poets. These writers had a distinct and powerful influence through their writing through the attitude of the public. During the writing of the Aeneid, Vigil had to consider the desires of his patrons. It reveals the momentous effect that Augustan auctoritas in the Virgil’s occupation, as the poet makes an unswerving suggestion to the ultimate accomplishment of his patron. Virgil used to judge against the performance of the celebrated hero to those of Augustus. Virgil’s Aeneid clearly reveal the auctoritas as he narrates the glorious history of Rome under Augustan regime. â€Å"Look there, focus your eyes now on our people, your own Romans: Caesar and all of Iulus’ lineage under the great tree of the heavens. And this man, a man you’ve heard promised so often, Caesar Augustus: a God’s own son who will settle a Golden Age once more on Latium’s meadows, ruled by Saturn before. He’ll open the empire to India, Africa, lands lying beyond the ecliptic, beyond the sun’s annual journey†¦ (Virgil, 1995, Bk. VI- ll. 788-796)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This consequence of Augustan auctoritas on Virgil’s Aeneid delegates the inclination in the Augustan period of literacy in favor of Augustan regime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, it is clear that the Roman leaders used to glorify themselves and create superior history and reinforced these principles to the legends of their forefathers. Thorough scrutiny of Golden age works such as Aeneid reveals the outcome of Augustan auctoritas. Augustus made a purposeful and flourishing attempt to swing the focus of Roman writing to the indefatigable support of his imperial misinformation. This substantiation highlights the cognizant, persistent pressure Augustus asserted, using his supremacy to control the Romans and to generate an age of writing in his own representation. References Bloom, Harold. Virgils Aeneid. New York: Chelsea House, 1987. Print. McCrorie, Edward. The Aeneid. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995. Print. Patron Augustus—Client Rome. Patron Augustus—Client Rome. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 June 2014. http://www.roman-empire.net/articles/article-010.html. Source document

National Income Essay -- Income Economy Economics Essays

National Income National income is a measure of the value of the output of the good and services produced by an economy over a period of time. It is defined as a flow of output. Economic essay National income is a measure of the value of the output of the good and services produced by an economy over a period of time. It is defined as a flow of output. A reason why we need to collect national income figures is to provide an accurate estimate of changes in the volume of output produced during one year, which can then be compared with other years. In order to see what has happened to the real national income when two years are compared, we must remove the effects of inflation on the prices of data, so that we don't obtain misleading data. National income can be measured by GDP, GNP and NNP. GDP is the Gross Domestic Product; it is the value of output produced by factors of production located within a certain country. GNP is Gross National Product; this measures the total value of output produced, and incomes received by a country's residents from the ownership of resources, wherever these happen to be located. GNP therefore takes account of the fact that some of that country's residents earn incomes such as rent and profit from owning resources located abroad. Therefore GNP includes the full value of plant and equipment produced during the course of a year. Net national product is Gross National Product minus Depreciation. Depreciation is the decline of existing plant and equipment over a period of time, that id declined due to wear and tear and obsolescence. NNP is the aggregate that is most usually taken to mean national income. GNP is more of the official measure for national income, however ... ...wever not because it has a outstanding economy but because of all the oil it exports. In reality Oman doesn't offer a wide variety of goods or services and therefore its standard of living is perhaps worse than countries with lower GNP's. Â · Also a country's GNP may be high, however most of the output it might produce may be exported, meaning that locals don't have all these outputs to choose from and so there standard of living isn't that great. Therefore using national income to make international comparisons of living standards has its benefits and limitations, however the limitations that arise are far greater than the advantages. However currently it the most efficient method to use for making international comparisons for standard living and until a new more reliable procedure is created, it is the one that we are obliged to use.

Single Parents

Tony Lowery February 26, 13 1St Block Shakespearian Theatre (Globe) The Shakespearian globe was built in 1599 In Southwark on the South bank of London’s River Thames by Richard Burbage. The globe was built large, round and open aired. There was a roof around the circumference which covered the seating area, leaving the theatre looking like a doughnut from above. Old wood from â€Å"The Theatre â€Å"created by Richard Burbage was re-used to make the globe. The globe held up to 3,000 spectators and sold out and awful lot.Shake spears plays were so good at the base of the stage there was a place called â€Å"The Pit† which was on the ground. In order to get in the pit you would have to pay a penny and you stand to watch the play. Shake spear was a shareholder who owned 12. 5% of the Globe theatre. As a young writer Shakespeare bought shares in the theatre and benefited financially as his popularity grew. In order for you to identify what type of play was going on that d ay there were color coded flags used Red= History play, White=Comedy, and Black=Tragedy.Right above the main entrance you would see a banner known as the motto that read: â€Å"Totus mundus agit histrionem† –which is Latin for â€Å"The whole world is a playhouse†. When the globe 1st opened there were no actresses so all female roles were played by young boys as theatre stages were considered too risque a place for ladies. During the play Henry VIII there was a canon being used but not the correct way, and because it wasn’t used the right way it set fire to the roof and the fire quickly spread, reportedly taking less than two hours to burn down completely. After burning down in 1613 The Globe Theatre was rebuilt on the same spot in 1614.The Puritans brought an end to The Globe Theatre in 1642 with an order suppressing all stage plays. In 1644 The Globe Theatre was turned into tenement housing, ending 85 years of turbulent history. The Globe was generally considered to be a circular building, however when a small part of the theatre’s foundations were uncovered the late 1980’s it seems that the building was actually a polygon of 20  sides. In 1997 a third version and faithful reconstruction of The Globe Theatre was built as â€Å"Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre†, close to the original site in Southwark.

Colour Blindness

Colour blindness is a very well known deficiency that affects approximately 8% of the population worldwide (Fluck 2006). People who are colour blind are not technically blind, they have a decreased ability to identify colours and in the most extreme cases, not able to see colours at all. The technical term for being colour blind is achromatopsia which means the inability to see any colours at all. However, most people are only colour deficient and not fully color blind therefore they can be classified as monochromatic, which means the ability to see one colour, or dichromatic, the ability to see two colours.Colour blindness is a congenital and permanent mutation of the X chromosome, which is passed on to an offspring by the mother. The most typical case of this deficiency originates from a fault in the development of sets of retinal cones that perceive colour in light and transmit that information to the optic nerve. Men are more likely to have a form of colour blindness due to the f act that the only have a single X chromosome compared to women who have two. For a woman to become colour blind both of her X chromosomes must be mutated compared to only one for a man.At first glance one would think that being colour blind would have no evolutionary advantages at all, however, that is not the case. US Military studies have shown that soldiers who are colour blind are much better at distinguishing camouflage compared to soldiers without the deficiency (Boring 1945). Even with this skill, most people would consider being colour blind to be a disadvantage on everyday life. Boring, Edwin G. (ed. ) Psychology for the Armed Services Washington: The National Research Council – The Infantry Journal, 1945. http://www. straightdope. com/columns/read/3037/is-colorblindness-an-evolutionary-advantage

Breach vs. Breech

Breach vs. Breech Breach vs. Breech Breach vs. Breech By Sharon Mind the gap! The famous London Underground announcement can help to remind us when to use breach. Although often confused with breech, breach has an entirely different meaning. It originates from old French and was used in a military sense to denote a gap in fortifications. These days it applies to any gap, break or violation. Examples are: To breach the enemys defenses A breach of the peace A breach of the wall In contrast, breech, which is of uncertain origin, refers to the rear. The better known but now little used breeches refers to the covering for that part of the anatomy. It is also used for the rear of a weapon in the term a breech loading rifle. By extension, the meaning of breech covers something that is facing the wrong way, hence a breech birth. Here are some quotations from newspapers that illustrate the usage: her patient, at Ninewells hospital in Dundee, an emergency caesarean section because the premature infant was in a breech position but instead attempted to carry out the delivery naturally, it was alleged. (www.theguardian.com) husband started in the 1970s. She pulled up to the community center, where she would be teaching a class on delivering breech babies. The class was part of a weeklong seminar Gaskin and her fellow midwives were offering to an eclectic (www.nytimes.com) The Office of Civil Rights launched an investigation following the three breaches and found that MD Anderson had, in fact, written encryption policies dating as far back back to 2006. The (www.chron.com) and a huge embarrassment for C.I.A. officials.Now, the prime suspect in the breach has been identified: a 29-year-old former C.I.A. software engineer who had designed malware used to break into the (www.nytimes.com) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" Email EtiquetteSit vs. Set

Learn More About the History of Lasers

Learn More About the History of Lasers The name LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. It is is a device that emits a beam of light through a process called optical amplification. It distinguishes itself from other sources of light by emitting light in a spatially and temporally coherent manner. Spatial coherence keeps the beam within a narrow and tight path over long disances. This allows the energy generated to be used in applications such as laser cutting and laser pointing. Having temporal coherence means that can emit light within a narrow spectrum to generate a light beam of a specific color. In 1917, Albert Einstein first theorized about the process which makes lasers possible called Stimulated Emission. He detailed his theory in a paper titled Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung (On the Quantum Theory of Radiation). Today, lasers are used in a wide range of technologies including optical disk drives, laser printers and barcode scanners. They are also used in laser surgery and skin treatments as well as cutting and welding. Before the Laser In 1954, Charles Townes and Arthur Schawlow invented the maser (microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) using ammonia gas and microwave radiation. The maser was invented before the (optical) laser. The technology is very similar but does not use visible light. On March 24, 1959, Townes and Schawlow were granted a patent for the maser. The maser was used to amplify radio signals and as an ultra sensitive detector for space research. In 1958, Townes and Schawlow theorized and published papers about a visible laser, an invention that would use infrared and/or visible spectrum light. However, they did not proceed with any research at the time. Many different materials can be used as lasers. Some, like the ruby laser, emit short pulses of laser light. Others, like helium-neon gas lasers or liquid dye lasers, emit a continuous beam of light. The Ruby Laser In 1960, Theodore Maiman invented the ruby laser considered to be the first successful optical or light laser. Many historians claim that Maiman invented the first optical laser. However, there is some controversy due to claims that Gordon Gould was the first and there is good evidence backing that claim. The Gordon Gould Laser Gould was the first person to use the word laser. Gould was a doctoral student at Columbia University under Townes, the inventor of the maser. Gould was inspired to build his optical laser starting in 1958. He failed to file for a patent his invention until 1959. As a result, Goulds patent was refused and his technology was exploited by others. It took until 1977 for Gould to finally win his patent war and receive his first patent for the laser. The Gas Laser The first gas laser (helium-neon) was invented by Ali Javan in 1960. The gas laser was the first continuous-light laser and the first to operate on the principle of converting electrical energy to a laser light output. It has been used in many practical applications. Hall's Semiconductor Injection Laser In 1962, inventor Robert Hall created a revolutionary type of laser that is still used in many of the electronic appliances and communications systems that we use every day. Patel's Carbon Dioxide Laser The carbon dioxide laser was invented by Kumar Patel in 1964. Walker's Laser Telemetry Hildreth Walker invented laser telemetry and targeting systems. Laser Eye Surgery New York City ophthalmologist Steven Trokel made the connection to the cornea and performed the first laser surgery on a patients eyes in 1987. The next ten years were spent perfecting the equipment and the techniques used in laser eye surgery. In 1996, the first Excimer laser for ophthalmic refractive use was approved in the United States. Trokel patented the Excimer laser for vision correction. The Excimer laser was originally used for etching silicone computer chips in the 1970s. Working in the IBM research laboratories in 1982, Rangaswamy Srinivasin, James Wynne and Samuel Blum saw the potential of the Excimer laser in interacting with biological tissue. Srinivasin and the IBM team realized that you could remove tissue with a laser without causing any heat damage to the neighboring material. But it took the observations of Dr. Fyodorov in a case of eye trauma in the 1970s to bring about the practical application of refractive surgery through radial keratotomy.

Evaluating Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Evaluating Change - Essay Example From this study it is clear that the role of change masters in guiding the change process is to examine the present situation alongside the desired future state and to establish the strategic plan towards achieving that objective; however, the most daunting task for change masters is to get others to buy into the change vision and to support it. Most importantly, honoring the past while moving boldly towards the future is imperative for the success of organizational transformation; nonetheless, it is not uncommon for many organizations to be insensitive to, and to disregard their past in the change process by thinking that the old is bad while the new is good. This paper outlines that during the reform initiative at our workplace, the organizational transformation process was sensitive to, and honored all the past organizational successes and accomplishments, which were all attributed to the smoothness and efficiency of the previous work processes. The change agents were careful not to discard everything about the old processes as bad, especially because they are the firm foundation on which the present position of the organization was built. In this respect, past work designs and task allocation among the staff were hailed as the building blocks upon which the previous successes and accomplishments of our organization were found; as such, the change initiative started off by chatting a way forward from the existing organizational work design. The change masters observed that the prevailing work design was effective and only needed minor adjustments to make it water tight in view of the shifting global business environment because of emerg ing challenges and threats to business survival and profitability.